Institutional alternatives + evaluating policies

Materials for class on Wednesday, April 10, 2019

Contents

Slides

Download the slides from today’s lecture.

First slide

Present value

\[ PV = \frac{FV}{(1 + r)^t} \]

Federal CBA components

Cost benefit analysis playground

Consider this example:

Answer these questions:

  1. What is the NPV of this project? What is the benefit-cost ratio?

  2. Use an Excel data table and a graph to show the NPV across a range of the following values. At what point does the project break even?
    1. Discount rate
    2. Hours of driving saved
    3. Value of hour
    4. Lives saved
  3. The VSL is a statistical estimate of the amount people would be willing to pay to reduce their risk of death by 1%, extrapolated out to 100%.

    Because VSL is an average, it has measures of uncertainty associated with it. According to academic research, there is substantial uncertainty in VSL estimates: in 2008, the NHTSA reported that the 95% confidence interval for VSL ranges from $1,000,000 to $10,000,000, which represents a standard deviation of around $2,000,000. With a $5 million average, the distribution would look something like this:

    Use Monte Carlo simulation in Excel to estimate the NPV over 1,000 trials, varying the VSL with a mean of $5 million and a standard deviation of $2 million. What is the average NPV over all these trials? What is the probability that the NPV is greater than $0? Is this still a good project, given the uncertainty of the VSL?

Clearest and muddiest things

Go to this form and answer these three questions:

  1. What was the muddiest thing from class today? What are you still wondering about?
  2. What was the clearest thing from class today?
  3. What was the most exciting thing you learned?

I’ll compile the questions and send out answers after class.